![]() ![]() The notion of shielding of electrons in the same-shell provides a different sort of justification for the F. The fluorine ion F- has a net negative charge yet the electrons are some how clinging to it. There are two electrons in the first shell and seven in the second shell. Negatively charged ions are created when an atom acquires enough electrons to complete a shell. This is due to the shielding of some of the positive charge of the nucleus by electrons in the same-shell. Thus the energy required to remove an electron from a shell should decrease with the number of electrons in that shell. Where p is the number of protons in the nucleus. Thus if the number of electrons in a shell is denoted as ε 1Īnd there are ε 0 electrons located interior to the shell then the effective charge Z acting on one electron in the shell is Would have located at the center of the sphere. That effect is equal to what half the charge Located on particles located at the middle of that distributed charge. What is left out is the effect of a charge distributed on a spherical shell on a charge ![]() On the other hand, the effect on aĬharge within the sphere is zero. When a charge is distributed uniformaly on a spherical shell it has the effect on another charge outside of the sphereĮqual to what that same charge would have concentrated at the center of the sphere. First it is necessary to consider some aspects of The correct explanation of negative ions is entirely different from the matter of completing a shell of eight. Somehow the supposed energy advantage of a filled shell overcame theĮnergy disadvantage of bringing in a repulsive particle. My recollection is that these multiply negative ions were justified by the power involved inĬompleting a shell of eight. An entity with a net negative charge would be thought to repel an electron. There is an electron, with a negative charge, clinging to an entity O - which has a net negativeĬharge. O 2- without realizing what surprising, even puzzling, entities they are. In chemistry courses students blithely accept the notion of negative ions such as Cl - and The Puzzle and Explanation of Negative Ions ![]()
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